Exodus 20:12 — "Honour thy father and thy mother" — is the only commandment of the ten with a direct material promise attached: "that thy days may be long upon the land." Paul in Ephesians 6:2 calls it "the first commandment with promise." The honor commanded is not simply emotional respect — 1 Timothy 5:8 makes the material dimension explicit: "if any provide not for his own, and specially for those of his own house, he hath denied the faith." The theological stakes of elder care in Scripture are serious.
Proverbs 23:22 — "despise not thy mother when she is old" — uses the Hebrew buz, which means to treat as contemptible, to dismiss as having diminished worth. Old age in the ancient world, as now, often carried the drift toward social invisibility. The commandment addresses the specific risk of unconsciously devaluing a parent as capacity declines. The person losing memory or mobility is not losing dignity before God.
Commentary is from a charismatic Protestant perspective, drawing on KJV text and public-domain sources including Spurgeon, Andrew Murray, and Matthew Henry.