The New Testament uses two Greek words for patience that get collapsed into one in English translation. Hypomonē is endurance under pressure — staying under a weight without collapsing. Makrothymia is longsuffering — the long fuse, the refusal to retaliate or give up when people or circumstances disappoint. Both are called for. Both are produced by the Spirit. But they are different: one is about bearing the weight of circumstances; the other is about bearing the weight of people.
James 5 introduces the farmer as the primary image of waiting well. A farmer doesn't cause rain. He can't speed up the season. What he does is prepare the ground, plant the seed, and trust that the natural order of things — which he didn't create — will do what it does. Patience in Scripture has that quality of active preparedness without control. You keep doing what faithfulness requires; you release the outcome.
Psalm 37 is the most sustained meditation in the Psalms on the problem of wicked people apparently prospering while the righteous wait. David's answer — repeated in different forms throughout the psalm — is: wait, trust, don't fret, don't be envious. The word "fret" appears three times. The anxiety that comes from watching unjust people get ahead is real, and David takes it seriously. His prescription is not denial but a deep conviction that what looks like divine inaction is actually divine timing.
Commentary is from a charismatic Protestant perspective, drawing on KJV text and public-domain sources including Spurgeon, Andrew Murray, and Matthew Henry.